「エンジン -1」🗓2021/07/23, 金曜日, 19:00-

— Activity —- Engine

「テキスト – how a car works」

https://www.howacarworks.com/basics/the-engine.amp

「1」動作

https://jacoboneal.com/car-engine-animagraffs

「2」キャブレター

「3」部品図

「4」クランクシャフト

「5」カムシャフト

「おまけ-1」分解動画

https://www.howacarworks.com/video-course/watch/bonus-dismantling-the-engine

00:00 – 02:00

「おまけ-2」オイル

— Vocabularies—-


convert heat from burning gas into the force →ガスの燃焼を力に変換する
road wheels →タイヤ


chain of reactions →一連の動作は👆「1」動作
objective is set in motion by a spark→動作はスパークから始まり👆「1」動作
ignites a mixture of petrol vapour→燃料の混合気に点火する👆「2」キャブレター
compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder→気密性の高いシリンダー内の圧縮空気👆「3」部品図
momentarily →((米))刻々と,絶えず,今にも,いつなんどきでも


internal combustion engine→内燃機関たるエンジン
内燃機関【ないねんきかん】
燃料の燃焼が機関の内部で行われる熱機関の総称。 これに対し,機関外で燃料を燃焼させる蒸気タービン,スターリングエンジンなどは外燃機関と呼ぶ。 内燃機関は他の原動機に比べて小型軽量なので,車両,航空機,船など交通機関に使われることが多い。


mixture burns it expands→混合気が燃焼し膨張する


must be a robust structure→頑健な構造であることが必須


heavier section is the cylinder block →大きなほうがシリンダーブロック👆「3」部品図
the detachable upper cover is the cylinder head →外すことのできる上部カバーがシリンダーヘッド👆「3」部品図


The cylinder head contains valve-controlled passages →シリンダーヘッドには2本の通路がありバルブで開閉される👆「3」部品図
the air and fuel mixture enters the cylinders →燃料と空気の混合気はシリンダーに入ってくる
the gases produced by their combustion are expelled. →燃焼により生じたガスが排出される


The block houses the crankshaft →ブロックはクランクシャフトを内包し
the crankshaft →クランクシャフト。エンジンの中心パーツ👆「4」クランクシャフト
converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons →ピストンの往復運動を
reciprocate →往復する
rotary motion at the crankshaft. →クランクシャフトの回転に変える


Often the block also houses the camshaft →多くの場合、ブロックはカムシャフトも内包👆「5」カムシャフト
open and close the valves in the cylinder head →シリンダーヘッドのバルブを開閉する


Sometimes the camshaft is in the head or mounted above it →カムシャフトがヘッド側に付いているものもある

— Reading —-

①・The engine is the heart of your car. It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning gas into the force that turns the road wheels.

②・The chain of reactions which achieve that objective is set in motion by a spark , which ignites a mixture of petrol vapour and compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder and causes it to burn rapidly.

③・That is why the machine is called an internal combustion engine .

④・As the mixture burns it expands, providing power to drive the car.

⑤・To withstand its heavy workload, the engine must be a robust structure.

⑥・It consists of two basic parts: the lower, heavier section is the cylinder block, a casing for the engine’s main moving parts; the detachable upper cover is the cylinder head .

⑦・The cylinder head contains valve-controlled passages through which the air and fuel mixture enters the cylinders, and others through which the gases produced by their combustion are expelled.

⑧・The block houses the crankshaft , which converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion at the crankshaft.

⑨・Often the block also houses the camshaft , which operates mechanisms that open and close the valves in the cylinder head.

⑩・Sometimes the camshaft is in the head or mounted above it.